面经手册 · 第19篇《Thread.start() ，它是怎么让线程启动的呢？》

new Thread(() -> {
    // todo
}).start();

new Thread(() -> {
    // todo
}).start();

// JDK 源码
public synchronized void start() {

    if (threadStatus != 0)
        throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

    group.add(this);
    boolean started = false;
    try {
        start0();
        started = true;
    } finally {
        try {
            if (!started) {
                group.threadStartFailed(this);
            }
        } catch (Throwable ignore) {}
    }
}

// 本地方法 start0
private native void start0();

// 注册本地方法
public class Thread implements Runnable {
    /* Make sure registerNatives is the first thing <clinit> does. */
    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        registerNatives();
    }
    // ...
}    

static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
    {"start0",           "()V",        (void *)&JVM_StartThread},
    {"stop0",            "(" OBJ ")V", (void *)&JVM_StopThread},
    {"isAlive",          "()Z",        (void *)&JVM_IsThreadAlive},
    {"suspend0",         "()V",        (void *)&JVM_SuspendThread},
    {"resume0",          "()V",        (void *)&JVM_ResumeThread},
    {"setPriority0",     "(I)V",       (void *)&JVM_SetThreadPriority},
    {"yield",            "()V",        (void *)&JVM_Yield},
    {"sleep",            "(J)V",       (void *)&JVM_Sleep},
    {"currentThread",    "()" THD,     (void *)&JVM_CurrentThread},
    {"interrupt0",       "()V",        (void *)&JVM_Interrupt},
    {"holdsLock",        "(" OBJ ")Z", (void *)&JVM_HoldsLock},
    {"getThreads",        "()[" THD,   (void *)&JVM_GetAllThreads},
    {"dumpThreads",      "([" THD ")[[" STE, (void *)&JVM_DumpThreads},
    {"setNativeName",    "(" STR ")V", (void *)&JVM_SetNativeThreadName},
};

JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_StartThread(JNIEnv* env, jobject jthread))
  JVMWrapper("JVM_StartThread");
  JavaThread *native_thread = NULL;
  
  // 创建线程
  native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);
  // 启动线程
  Thread::start(native_thread);

JVM_END

static void thread_entry(JavaThread* thread, TRAPS) {
  HandleMark hm(THREAD);
  Handle obj(THREAD, thread->threadObj());
  JavaValue result(T_VOID);
  JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,
                          obj,
                          KlassHandle(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Thread_klass()),
                          vmSymbols::run_method_name(),
                          vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
                          THREAD);
}

#define VM_SYMBOLS_DO(template, do_alias)
template(run_method_name, "run") 

native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);

JavaThread::JavaThread(ThreadFunction entry_point, size_t stack_sz) :
  Thread()
#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  , _satb_mark_queue(&_satb_mark_queue_set),
  _dirty_card_queue(&_dirty_card_queue_set)
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
{
  if (TraceThreadEvents) {
    tty->print_cr("creating thread %p", this);
  }
  initialize();
  _jni_attach_state = _not_attaching_via_jni;
  set_entry_point(entry_point);
  // Create the native thread itself.
  // %note runtime_23
  os::ThreadType thr_type = os::java_thread;
  thr_type = entry_point == &compiler_thread_entry ? os::compiler_thread :os::java_thread;
  os::create_thread(this, thr_type, stack_sz);
}

bool os::create_thread(Thread* thread, ThreadType thr_type, size_t stack_size) {
  assert(thread->osthread() == NULL, "caller responsible");

  // Allocate the OSThread object
  OSThread* osthread = new OSThread(NULL, NULL);
  // Initial state is ALLOCATED but not INITIALIZED
  osthread->set_state(ALLOCATED);
  
  pthread_t tid;
  int ret = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, (void* (*)(void*)) java_start, thread);

  return true;
}

static void *java_start(Thread *thread) {

  // 线程ID
  int pid = os::current_process_id();

  // 设置线程
  ThreadLocalStorage::set_thread(thread);

  // 设置线程状态：INITIALIZED 初始化完成
  osthread->set_state(INITIALIZED);
  
  // 唤醒所有线程
  sync->notify_all();

 // 循环，初始化状态，则一致等待 wait
 while (osthread->get_state() == INITIALIZED) {
    sync->wait(Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 }

  // 等待唤醒后，执行 run 方法
  thread->run();

  return 0;
}

JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_StartThread(JNIEnv* env, jobject jthread))
  JVMWrapper("JVM_StartThread");
  JavaThread *native_thread = NULL;
  
  // 创建线程
  native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);
  // 启动线程
  Thread::start(native_thread);

JVM_END

void Thread::start(Thread* thread) {
  trace("start", thread);

  if (!DisableStartThread) {
    if (thread->is_Java_thread()) {
      java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(((JavaThread*)thread)->threadObj(),
                                          java_lang_Thread::RUNNABLE);
    }
    // 不同的 OS 会有不同的启动代码逻辑
    os::start_thread(thread);
  }
}

void os::start_thread(Thread* thread) {
  // guard suspend/resume
  MutexLockerEx ml(thread->SR_lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();
  osthread->set_state(RUNNABLE);
  pd_start_thread(thread);
}

void os::pd_start_thread(Thread* thread) {
  OSThread * osthread = thread->osthread();
  assert(osthread->get_state() != INITIALIZED, "just checking");
  Monitor* sync_with_child = osthread->startThread_lock();
  MutexLockerEx ml(sync_with_child, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
  sync_with_child->notify();
}

// The first routine called by a new Java thread
void JavaThread::run() {
  // ... 初始化线程操作
  
  thread_main_inner();
}

void JavaThread::thread_main_inner() {

  if (!this->has_pending_exception() &&
      !java_lang_Thread::is_stillborn(this->threadObj())) {
    {
      ResourceMark rm(this);
      this->set_native_thread_name(this->get_thread_name());
    }
    HandleMark hm(this);
    this->entry_point()(this, this);
  }

  DTRACE_THREAD_PROBE(stop, this);

  this->exit(false);
  delete this;
}