前言介绍
Netty的性能非常好,在一些小型用户体量的socket服务内,仅部署单台机器就可以满足业务需求。但当遇到一些中大型用户体量的服务时,就需要考虑讲Netty按照集群方式部署,以更好的满足业务诉求。但Netty部署集群后都会遇到跨服务端怎么通信,也就是有集群服务X和Y,用户A链接服务X,用户B链接服务Y,那么他们都不在一个服务内怎么通信?本章节将介绍一种实现方式案例,以满足跨服务之间的用户通信。但实际场景中需要进行一些扩展性改造,案例仅将核心主干思路做以实现,只是一种思路指导,并不能直接使用于业务开发。
本章知识点
- 跨服务之间案例采用redis的发布和订阅进行传递消息,如果你是大型服务可以使用zookeeper
- 用户A在发送消息给用户B时候,需要传递B的channeId,以用于服务端进行查找channeId所属是否自己的服务内
- 单台机器也可以启动多个Netty服务,程序内会自动寻找可用端口
环境准备
- jdk1.8【jdk1.7以下只能部分支持netty】
- Netty4.1.36.Final【netty3.x 4.x 5每次的变化较大,接口类名也随着变化】
-
NetAssist 网络调试助手,可以从网上下载也可以联系我,微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 关注回复你的邮箱 - redis服务端,案例采用windows版本,按需从官网下载即可
代码示例
itstack-demo-rpc-2-09
└── src
└── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── org.itstack.demo.netty
│ │ ├── domain
│ │ │ ├── EasyResult.java
│ │ │ ├── MsgAgreement.java
│ │ │ ├── ServerInfo.java
│ │ │ └── UserChannelInfo.java
│ │ ├── redis
│ │ │ ├── config
│ │ │ │ ├── PublisherConfig.java
│ │ │ │ └── ReceiverConfig.java
│ │ │ ├── AbstractReceiver.java
│ │ │ ├── MsgAgreementReceiver.java
│ │ │ ├── Publisher.java
│ │ │ └── RedisUtil.java
│ │ ├── server
│ │ │ ├── MyChannelInitializer.java
│ │ │ ├── MyServerHandler.java
│ │ │ └── NettyServer.java
│ │ ├── service
│ │ │ └── ExtServerService.java
│ │ ├── util
│ │ │ ├── CacheUtil.java
│ │ │ ├── MsgUtil.java
│ │ │ └── NetUtil.java
│ │ ├── web
│ │ │ └── NettyController.java
│ │ └── Application.java
│ ├── resources
│ │ └── application.yml
│ └── webapp
│ ├── res
│ └── WEB-INF
│ └── index.jsp
└── test
└── java
└── org.itstack.demo.test
└── ApiTest.java
**演示讲解部分重点代码块,完整代码下载,关注公众号;bugstack虫洞栈 | 回复:netty案例源码** |
domain/MsgAgreement.java 定义信息传输协议,这个看似简单但非常重要,每一个通信的根本就是定义传输协议信息
/**
* 消息协议
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* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class MsgAgreement {
private String toChannelId; //发送给某人,某人channelId
private String content; //消息内容
public MsgAgreement() {
}
public MsgAgreement(String toChannelId, String content) {
this.toChannelId = toChannelId;
this.content = content;
}
public String getToChannelId() {
return toChannelId;
}
public void setToChannelId(String toChannelId) {
this.toChannelId = toChannelId;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
}
redis/config/PublisherConfig.java redis消息发布者,集成与SpringBoot的配置方式
/**
* 发布者
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* 虫洞群:①群5398358 ②群5360692
* Create by fuzhengwei on @2019
*/
@Configuration
public class PublisherConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisMessageTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
template.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
template.setDefaultSerializer(new FastJsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class));
return template;
}
}
redis/config/ReceiverConfig.java redis消息的订阅者,集成与SpringBoot的配置方式。可以订阅多个主题,本章节只订阅一个。
/**
* 订阅者
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* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {获取学习源码}
* 虫洞群:①群5398358 ②群5360692
* Create by fuzhengwei on @2019
*/
@Configuration
public class ReceiverConfig {
@Bean
public RedisMessageListenerContainer container(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory, MessageListenerAdapter msgAgreementListenerAdapter) {
RedisMessageListenerContainer container = new RedisMessageListenerContainer();
container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
container.addMessageListener(msgAgreementListenerAdapter, new PatternTopic("itstack-demo-netty-push-msgAgreement"));
return container;
}
@Bean
public MessageListenerAdapter msgAgreementListenerAdapter(MsgAgreementReceiver receiver) {
return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");
}
}
redis/MsgAgreementReceiver.java 实现抽象类用于接收订阅到的消息,接收消息后进行业务处理
/**
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*/
@Service
public class MsgAgreementReceiver extends AbstractReceiver {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MsgAgreementReceiver.class);
@Override
public void receiveMessage(Object message) {
logger.info("接收到PUSH消息:{}", message);
MsgAgreement msgAgreement = JSON.parseObject(message.toString(), MsgAgreement.class);
String toChannelId = msgAgreement.getToChannelId();
Channel channel = CacheUtil.cacheChannel.get(toChannelId);
if (null == channel) return;
channel.writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.obj2Json(msgAgreement));
}
}
redis/RedisUtil.java redis操作工具类,帮助存储数据。以下是将链接到服务的用户信息存放到redis方便可以在每个服务端都能看到这份用户链接数据。
/**
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* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
@Service("redisUtil")
public class RedisUtil {
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;
public void pushObj(UserChannelInfo userChannelInfo) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("itstack-demo-netty-2-09-user", userChannelInfo.getChannelId(), JSON.toJSONString(userChannelInfo));
}
public List<UserChannelInfo> popList() {
List<Object> values = redisTemplate.opsForHash().values("itstack-demo-netty-2-09-user");
if (null == values) return new ArrayList<>();
List<UserChannelInfo> userChannelInfoList = new ArrayList<>();
for (Object strJson : values) {
userChannelInfoList.add(JSON.parseObject(strJson.toString(), UserChannelInfo.class));
}
return userChannelInfoList;
}
public void remove(String channelId) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete("itstack-demo-netty-2-09-user",channelId);
}
public void clear(){
redisTemplate.delete("itstack-demo-netty-2-09-user");
}
}
server/MyServerHandler.java 处理接收到的信息,尤其在channelRead中,将接受者不是本服务端的用户,进行全局push
/**
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* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class MyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyServerHandler.class);
private ExtServerService extServerService;
public MyServerHandler(ExtServerService extServerService) {
this.extServerService = extServerService;
}
/**
* 当客户端主动链接服务端的链接后,这个通道就是活跃的了。也就是客户端与服务端建立了通信通道并且可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) ctx.channel();
System.out.println("链接报告开始");
System.out.println("链接报告信息:有一客户端链接到本服务端。channelId:" + channel.id());
System.out.println("链接报告IP:" + channel.localAddress().getHostString());
System.out.println("链接报告Port:" + channel.localAddress().getPort());
System.out.println("链接报告完毕");
//保存用户信息
UserChannelInfo userChannelInfo = new UserChannelInfo(channel.localAddress().getHostString(), channel.localAddress().getPort(), channel.id().toString(), new Date());
extServerService.getRedisUtil().pushObj(userChannelInfo);
CacheUtil.cacheChannel.put(channel.id().toString(), channel);
//通知客户端链接建立成功
String str = "通知客户端链接建立成功" + " " + new Date() + " " + channel.localAddress().getHostString() + "\r\n";
ctx.writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(channel.id().toString(), str));
}
/**
* 当客户端主动断开服务端的链接后,这个通道就是不活跃的。也就是说客户端与服务端的关闭了通信通道并且不可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("客户端断开链接" + ctx.channel().localAddress().toString());
extServerService.getRedisUtil().remove(ctx.channel().id().toString());
CacheUtil.cacheChannel.remove(ctx.channel().id().toString(), ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object objMsgJsonStr) throws Exception {
//接收msg消息{与上一章节相比,此处已经不需要自己进行解码}
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息内容:" + objMsgJsonStr);
MsgAgreement msgAgreement = MsgUtil.json2Obj(objMsgJsonStr.toString());
String toChannelId = msgAgreement.getToChannelId();
//判断接收消息用户是否在本服务端
Channel channel = CacheUtil.cacheChannel.get(toChannelId);
if (null != channel) {
channel.writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.obj2Json(msgAgreement));
return;
}
//如果为NULL则接收消息的用户不在本服务端,需要push消息给全局
logger.info("接收消息的用户不在本服务端,PUSH!");
extServerService.push(msgAgreement);
}
/**
* 抓住异常,当发生异常的时候,可以做一些相应的处理,比如打印日志、关闭链接
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
extServerService.getRedisUtil().remove(ctx.channel().id().toString());
CacheUtil.cacheChannel.remove(ctx.channel().id().toString(), ctx.channel());
System.out.println("异常信息:\r\n" + cause.getMessage());
}
}
util/CacheUtil.java 缓存必要信息,用于业务流程处理
/**
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* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class CacheUtil {
// 缓存channel
public static Map<String, Channel> cacheChannel = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, Channel>());
// 缓存服务信息
public static Map<Integer, ServerInfo> serverInfoMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Integer, ServerInfo>());
// 缓存服务端
public static Map<Integer, NettyServer> serverMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Integer, NettyServer>());
}
web/NettyController.java 接口处理控制类,方便我们操作服务端方法,包括启动Netty服务、获取用户信息等
/**
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* Create by fuzhengwei on @2019
*/
@Controller
public class NettyController {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyController.class);
//默认线程池
private static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
@Value("${server.port}")
private int serverPort;
@Autowired
private ExtServerService extServerService;
@Resource
private RedisUtil redisUtil;
//Netty服务端
private NettyServer nettyServer;
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String index(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("serverPort", serverPort);
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/openNettyServer")
@ResponseBody
public EasyResult openNettyServer() {
try {
int port = NetUtil.getPort();
logger.info("启动Netty服务,获取可用端口:{}", port);
nettyServer = new NettyServer(new InetSocketAddress(port), extServerService);
Future<Channel> future = executorService.submit(nettyServer);
Channel channel = future.get();
if (null == channel) {
throw new RuntimeException("netty server open error channel is null");
}
while (!channel.isActive()) {
logger.info("启动Netty服务,循环等待启动...");
Thread.sleep(500);
}
CacheUtil.serverInfoMap.put(port, new ServerInfo(NetUtil.getHost(), port, new Date()));
CacheUtil.serverMap.put(port, nettyServer);
logger.info("启动Netty服务,完成:{}", channel.localAddress());
return EasyResult.buildSuccessResult();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("启动Netty服务失败", e);
return EasyResult.buildErrResult(e);
}
}
@RequestMapping("/closeNettyServer")
@ResponseBody
public EasyResult closeNettyServer(int port) {
try {
logger.info("关闭Netty服务开始,端口:{}", port);
NettyServer nettyServer = CacheUtil.serverMap.get(port);
if (null == nettyServer) {
CacheUtil.serverMap.remove(port);
return EasyResult.buildSuccessResult();
}
nettyServer.destroy();
CacheUtil.serverMap.remove(port);
CacheUtil.serverInfoMap.remove(port);
logger.info("关闭Netty服务完成,端口:{}", port);
return EasyResult.buildSuccessResult();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("关闭Netty服务失败,端口:{}", port, e);
return EasyResult.buildErrResult(e);
}
}
@RequestMapping("/queryNettyServerList")
@ResponseBody
public Collection<ServerInfo> queryNettyServerList() {
try {
Collection<ServerInfo> serverInfos = CacheUtil.serverInfoMap.values();
logger.info("查询服务端列表。{}", JSON.toJSONString(serverInfos));
return serverInfos;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.info("查询服务端列表失败。", e);
return null;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/queryUserChannelInfoList")
@ResponseBody
public List<UserChannelInfo> queryUserChannelInfoList() {
try {
logger.info("查询用户列表信息开始");
List<UserChannelInfo> userChannelInfoList = redisUtil.popList();
logger.info("查询用户列表信息完成。list:{}", JSON.toJSONString(userChannelInfoList));
return userChannelInfoList;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("查询用户列表信息失败", e);
return null;
}
}
}
resources/application.yml 基础配置,在我们启动服务端的时候,如果只有一台机器模拟,那么需要改变server.port端口{8080、8081}
server:
port: 8080
spring:
mvc:
view:
prefix: /WEB-INF/
suffix: .jsp
redis:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 6379
index.jap 页面操作,控制和展示的一些内容
<%--
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公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {获取学习源码}
Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<title>关注公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 专题案例开发,关注取源码 | bugstack.cn 付政委</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/js/themes/default/easyui.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/js/themes/icon.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="res/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="res/js/jquery.easyui.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
<script>
util = {
formatDate: function (value, row, index) {
if (null == value) return "";
var date = new Date();
date.setTime(value);
return date.format('yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss');
}
};
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div style="margin:20px 0;"></div>
<table class="easyui-datagrid" title="localhost:${serverPort} | Netty服务端" style="width:700px;height:250px"
data-options="rownumbers:true,singleSelect:true,url:'/queryNettyServerList',method:'get',toolbar:toolbar">
<thead>
<tr>
<th data-options="field:'ip'">IP</th>
<th data-options="field:'port'">端口</th>
<th data-options="field:'openDate'">启动时间</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
<script type="text/javascript">
var toolbar = [{
text:'启动',
iconCls:'icon-open',
handler:function(){
$.post('/openNettyServer',{}, function (res) {
if (res.success) {
$.messager.show({
title: '消息提示',
msg: '启动成功,请稍后刷新页面!'
});
$('#easyui-datagrid').datagrid('reload');
} else {
$.messager.show({
title: 'Error',
msg: res.msg
});
}
}, 'json');
}
},'-',{
text:'关闭',
iconCls:'icon-close',
handler:function(){
//可以自己添加实现
}
}];
</script>
<hr/>
<!-- server-user -->
<table class="easyui-datagrid" title="localhost:${serverPort} | 用户链接信息" style="width:700px;height:250px"
data-options="rownumbers:true,singleSelect:true,url:'/queryUserChannelInfoList',method:'get'">
<thead>
<tr>
<th data-options="field:'ip'">IP</th>
<th data-options="field:'port'">端口</th>
<th data-options="field:'channelId'">用户ID</th>
<th data-options="field:'linkDate'">链接时间</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
</body>
</html>
测试结果
启动Redis服务 案例中使用windwos版本
启动2次SpringBoot,模拟Netty集群[不同端口8080、8081] Plugins/spring-boot/run 双击启动
2019-09-01 12:59:29.649 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-09-01 12:59:29.649 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2019-09-01 12:59:29.681 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 32 ms
2019-09-01 12:59:31.350 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-2] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询服务端列表。[]
2019-09-01 12:59:31.371 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-3] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询用户列表信息开始
2019-09-01 12:59:31.380 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-3] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询用户列表信息完成。list:[]
2019-09-01 13:04:22.864 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-6] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 启动Netty服务,获取可用端口:7398
2019-09-01 13:04:22.879 INFO 8952 --- [pool-1-thread-1] o.itstack.demo.netty.server.NettyServer : itstack-demo-netty server start done. {关注公众号:bugstack虫洞栈,获取源码}
2019-09-01 13:04:22.880 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-6] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 启动Netty服务,完成:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:7398
2019-09-01 13:04:23.612 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-9] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询服务端列表。[{"ip":"10.13.28.13","openDate":1567314262880,"port":7398}]
2019-09-01 13:04:23.634 INFO 8952 --- [io-8081-exec-10] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询用户列表信息开始
2019-09-01 13:04:23.636 INFO 8952 --- [io-8081-exec-10] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询用户列表信息完成。list:[]
链接报告开始
链接报告信息:有一客户端链接到本服务端。channelId:3a2d5cee
链接报告IP:10.13.28.13
链接报告Port:7398
链接报告完毕
2019-09-01 13:04:42.704 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-2] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询服务端列表。[{"ip":"10.13.28.13","openDate":1567314262880,"port":7398}]
2019-09-01 13:04:42.738 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-3] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询用户列表信息开始
2019-09-01 13:04:42.755 INFO 8952 --- [nio-8081-exec-3] o.i.demo.netty.web.NettyController : 查询用户列表信息完成。list:[{"channelId":"39d45ff7","ip":"10.13.28.13","linkDate":1567314278944,"port":7397},{"channelId":"3a2d5cee","ip":"10.13.28.13","linkDate":1567314280442,"port":7398}]
2019-09-01 13:05:25.545 INFO 8952 --- [ container-2] o.i.d.netty.redis.MsgAgreementReceiver : 接收到PUSH消息:{"content":"hi! I'm 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 欢迎关注&获取源码。* 来自A服务端里用户向B服务端里用户发送信息。[结尾换行,用于处理半包粘包]","toChannelId":"3a2d5cee"}
2019-09-01 13:05:26.107 INFO 8952 --- [ container-3] o.i.d.netty.redis.MsgAgreementReceiver : 接收到PUSH消息:{"content":"hi! I'm 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 欢迎关注&获取源码。* 来自A服务端里用户向B服务端里用户发送信息。[结尾换行,用于处理半包粘包]","toChannelId":"3a2d5cee"}
2019-09-01 13:05:27.025 INFO 8952 --- [ container-4] o.i.d.netty.redis.MsgAgreementReceiver : 接收到PUSH消息:{"content":"hi! I'm 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 欢迎关注&获取源码。* 来自A服务端里用户向B服务端里用户发送信息。[结尾换行,用于处理半包粘包]","toChannelId":"3a2d5cee"}
2019-09-01 13:05:27.545 INFO 8952 --- [ container-5] o.i.d.netty.redis.MsgAgreementReceiver : 接收到PUSH消息:{"content":"hi! I'm 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 欢迎关注&获取源码。* 来自A服务端里用户向B服务端里用户发送信息。[结尾换行,用于处理半包粘包]","toChannelId":"3a2d5cee"}
2019-09-01 13:05:28.559 INFO 8952 --- [ container-6] o.i.d.netty.redis.MsgAgreementReceiver : 接收到PUSH消息:{"content":"hi! I'm 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 欢迎关注&获取源码。* 来自A服务端里用户向B服务端里用户发送信息。[结尾换行,用于处理半包粘包]","toChannelId":"3a2d5cee"}
启动2个以上的NetAssist分别链接到不同的服务端,以模拟测试跨服务通信,最后在客户端发送消息传递给另外一个不在本服务端的客户端。
{"content":"hi! I'm 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 欢迎关注&获取源码。* 来自A服务端里用户向B服务端里用户发送信息。[结尾换行,用于处理半包粘包]","toChannelId":"3a2d5cee"}
最终运行效果
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