前言介绍
为什么会有路由层?因为在微服务架构设计中,往往并不会直接将服务暴漏给调用端,而是通过调用路由层进行业务隔离,以达到不同的业务调用对应的服务模块。
Spring Cloud Zuul
Spring Cloud Zuul 路由是微服务架构的不可或缺的一部分,提供动态路由、监控、弹性、安全等的边缘服务。Zuul 是 Netflix 出品的一个基于 JVM 路由和服务端的负载均衡器。
环境准备
- jdk 1.8、idea2018、Maven3
- Spring Boot 2.0.6.RELEASE
- Spring Cloud Finchley.SR2
代码示例
itstack-demo-springcloud-08
├── itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client
│ └── src
│ └── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── org.itstack.demo
│ │ ├── web
│ │ │ └── EurekaClientController.java
│ │ └── EurekaClientApplication.java
│ └── resources
│ └── application.yml
├── itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-server
│ └── src
│ └── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── org.itstack.demo
│ │ └── EurekaServerApplication.java
│ └── resources
│ └── application.yml
├── itstack-demo-springcloud-hystrix-feign
│ └── src
│ └── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── org.itstack.demo
│ │ ├── service
│ │ │ ├── hystrix
│ │ │ │ └── FeignServiceHystrix.java
│ │ │ └── FeignService.java
│ │ ├── web
│ │ │ └── FeignController.java
│ │ └── FeignApplication.java
│ └── resources
│ └── application.yml
├── itstack-demo-springcloud-hystrix-ribbon
│ └── src
│ └── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── org.itstack.demo
│ │ ├── service
│ │ │ └── RibbonService.java
│ │ ├── web
│ │ │ └── RibbonController.java
│ │ └── RibbonApplication.java
│ └── resources
│ └── application.yml
└── itstack-demo-springcloud-zuul
└── src
└── main
├── java
│ └── org.itstack.demo
│ └── ZuulApplication.java
└── resources
└── application.yml
itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client | 服务提供方
提供一个查询用户信息的简单方法,在配置文件中通过修改端口启动2次,模拟双实例应用,为调用方负载做准备。
web/EurekaClientController.java & 注意@EnableEurekaClient用于向注册中心提供服务 ```java /**
微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例 - 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
- Create by 付政委 on @2019 */ @EnableEurekaClient @RestController public class EurekaClientController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private int port;
@RequestMapping(path = "/api/queryUserInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String queryUserInfo(@RequestParam String userId) {
return "Hi 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | " + userId + " >: from eureka client port: " + port;
}
}
>EurekaClientApplication.java & 服务启动类
```java
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaClientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);
}
}
pom.xml & 配置文件指向注册中心 ```java server: port: 8001
spring: application: name: itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:7397/eureka/
### itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-server | 单个服务注册中心
服务注册中心用于承载接口提供方向上注册,同时正在调用方链接后可以获取指定应用的服务实例。
>EurekaServerApplication.java & 通过注解@EnableEurekaServer启动服务注册与发现中心
```java
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run( EurekaServerApplication.class, args );
}
}
pom.xml & 服务注册中心 ```java server: port: 7397
eureka: instance: hostname: localhost client: registerWithEureka: false fetchRegistry: false serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
spring: application: name: itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-server
### itstack-demo-springcloud-feign | Feign服务调用方
Feign 是一个声明式的 Web Service 客户端,它的目的就是让 Web Service 调用更加简单。它整合了 Ribbon 和 Hystrix,从而让我们不再需要显式地使用这两个组件。Feign 还提供了 HTTP 请求的模板,通过编写简单的接口和插入注解,我们就可以定义好 HTTP 请求的参数、格式、地址等信息。接下来,Feign 会完全代理 HTTP 的请求,我们只需要像调用方法一样调用它就可以完成服务请求。
Feign 具有如下特性:
可插拔的注解支持,包括 Feign 注解和 JAX-RS 注解
支持可插拔的 HTTP 编码器和解码器
支持 Hystrix 和它的 Fallback
支持 Ribbon 的负载均衡
支持 HTTP 请求和响应的压缩
>service/FeignService.java | 注解方式调用,方便易用。@FeignClient会在调用时进行解析服务到具体的http://ip:port/
```java
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@FeignClient(value = "itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client", fallback = FeignServiceHystrix.class)
public interface FeignService {
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/queryUserInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET)
String queryUserInfo(@RequestParam String userId);
}
service/hystrix/FeignServiceHystrix.java 提供熔断服务,当发生异常时主动返回预定结果
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@Component
public class FeignServiceHystrix implements FeignService {
@Override
public String queryUserInfo(String userId) {
return "queryUserInfo by userId:" + userId + " err!from feign hystrix";
}
}
web/FeignController.java 使用接口提供服务 From Feign
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@RestController
public class FeignController {
@Resource
private FeignService ribbonService;
@RequestMapping(path = "/api/queryUserInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String queryUserInfo(@RequestParam String userId) {
return ribbonService.queryUserInfo(userId) + " From Feign";
}
}
FeignApplication.java 注解@EnableEurekaClient、@EnableFeignClients、@EnableDiscoveryClient获取调用注册中心服务
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class FeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
application.yml eureka服务配置,从注册中心获取可用服务。开启hystrix=true
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: itstack-demo-springcloud-feign
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7397/eureka/
feign.hystrix.enabled: true
itstack-demo-springcloud-ribbon | Ribbon服务调用方
Ribbon是一个基于 HTTP 和 TCP 的客户端负载均衡器。它可以通过在客户端中配置 ribbonServerList 来设置服务端列表去轮询访问以达到均衡负载的作用。
当 Ribbon 与 Eureka 联合使用时,ribbonServerList 会被 DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList 重写,扩展成从 Eureka 注册中心中获取服务实例列表。同时它也会用 NIWSDiscoveryPing 来取代 IPing,它将职责委托给 Eureka 来确定服务端是否已经启动。
service/RibbonService.java 接口式硬编码调用不太易于维护,因此也是比较少用的方式。hystrix实际通过getFallback()返回熔断结果
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@Service
public class RibbonService {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "queryUserInfoFallback")
public String queryUserInfo(String userId) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://ITSTACK-DEMO-SPRINGCLOUD-EUREKA-CLIENT/api/queryUserInfo?userId=" + userId, String.class);
}
/**
* Specifies a method to process fallback logic.
* A fallback method should be defined in the same class where is HystrixCommand.
* Also a fallback method should have same signature to a method which was invoked as hystrix command.
* for example:
* <code>
* @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getByIdFallback")
* public String getById(String id) {...}
*
* private String getByIdFallback(String id) {...}
* </code>
* Also a fallback method can be annotated with {@link HystrixCommand}
* <p/>
* default => see {@link com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.command.GenericCommand#getFallback()}
*
* @return method name
*
* getFallback()
*
* @Override
* protected Object getFallback() {
* final CommandAction commandAction = getFallbackAction();
* if (commandAction != null) {
* try {
* return process(new Action() {
* @Override
* Object execute() {
* MetaHolder metaHolder = commandAction.getMetaHolder();
* Object[] args = createArgsForFallback(metaHolder, getExecutionException());
* return commandAction.executeWithArgs(metaHolder.getFallbackExecutionType(), args);
* }
* });
* } catch (Throwable e) {
* LOGGER.error(FallbackErrorMessageBuilder.create()
* .append(commandAction, e).build());
* throw new FallbackInvocationException(unwrapCause(e));
* }
* } else {
* return super.getFallback();
* }
* }
*/
public String queryUserInfoFallback(String userId) {
return "queryUserInfo by userId:" + userId + " err!from ribbon hystrix";
}
}
web/RibbonController.java 使用接口提供服务 From Ribbon
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@RestController
public class RibbonController {
@Resource
private RibbonService ribbonService;
@RequestMapping(path = "/api/queryUserInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String queryUserInfo(@RequestParam String userId) {
return ribbonService.queryUserInfo(userId) + " From Ribbon";
}
}
RibbonApplication.java 通过注解@LoadBalanced注册rest模版,用于Ribbon接口调用。并启动@EnableHystrix
/**
* 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 | 沉淀、分享、成长,专注于原创专题案例
* 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
* Create by 付政委 on @2019
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrix
public class RibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
application.yml eureka服务配置,从注册中心获取可用服务
server:
port: 9002
spring:
application:
name: itstack-demo-springcloud-ribbon
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7397/eureka/
itstack-demo-springcloud-zuul | Zull路由层
Spring Cloud Zuul 路由是微服务架构的不可或缺的一部分,提供动态路由、监控、弹性、安全等的边缘服务。Zuul 是 Netflix 出品的一个基于 JVM 路由和服务端的负载均衡器。
ZuulApplication.java & 路由服务启动 ```java /**
微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 专注原创技术专题案例 - 论坛:http://bugstack.cn
- Create by 付政委 on @2019 */ @SpringBootApplication @EnableZuulProxy @EnableEurekaClient @EnableDiscoveryClient public class ZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
>pom.mxl & 路由配置
```java
server:
port: 10001
spring:
application:
name: itstack-demo-ddd-zuul
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7397/eureka/
# http://localhost:10001/route-a/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111
# http://localhost:10001/route-b/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /route-a/**
serviceId: itstack-demo-springcloud-feign
api-b:
path: /route-b/**
serviceId: itstack-demo-springcloud-ribbon
测试验证
- 分别启动如下系统模拟;
- itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-server 服务注册发现中心
- itstack-demo-springcloud-eureka-client 测试接口提供方
- itstack-demo-springcloud-hystrix-feign 接口调用方Feign
- itstack-demo-springcloud-hystrix-ribbon 接口调用方Ribbon
- itstack-demo-springcloud-zuul 路由服务
- 测试接口
- 访问Feign、Ribbon接口,验证服务是否可用;http://localhost:9001/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111、http://localhost:9002/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111
- 访问路由接口A;http://localhost:10001/route-a/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111
- 访问路由接口B;http://localhost:10001/route-b/api/queryUserInfo?userId=111
Hi 微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 111 >: from eureka client port: 8001 From Ribbon
综上总结
- zuul目前SpringCloud结合的是zuul 1, Netflix 已经发布了 Zuul 2但目前还未整合
- SpringCloud还有自己的网关服务;Spring Cloud Gateway
- 通过最上层的路由功能可以很方便的隔离业务,但是路由层一定是高可用的,否则路由瘫痪整个服务将不可用
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