# netty案例,netty4.1中级拓展篇三《Netty传输Java对象》
作者:小傅哥
博客:https://bugstack.cn (opens new window)
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# 前言介绍
Netty在实际应用级开发中,有时候某些特定场景下会需要使用Java对象类型进行传输,但是如果使用Java本身序列化进行传输,那么对性能的损耗比较大。为此我们需要借助protostuff-core的工具包将对象以二进制形式传输并做编码解码处理。与直接使用protobuf二进制传输方式不同,这里不需要定义proto文件,而是需要实现对象类型编码解码器,用以传输自定义Java对象。
protostuff 基于Google protobuf,但是提供了更多的功能和更简易的用法。其中,protostuff-runtime 实现了无需预编译对java bean进行protobuf序列化/反序列化的能力。protostuff-runtime的局限是序列化前需预先传入schema,反序列化不负责对象的创建只负责复制,因而必须提供默认构造函数。此外,protostuff 还可以按照protobuf的配置序列化成json/yaml/xml等格式。在性能上,protostuff不输原生的protobuf,甚至有反超之势。
- 支持protostuff-compiler产生的消息
- 支持现有的POJO对象
- 支持现有的protoc产生的Java消息
- 与各种移动平台的互操作能力(Android、Kindle、j2me)
- 支持转码
# 开发环境
- jdk1.8【jdk1.7以下只能部分支持netty】
- Netty4.1.36.Final【netty3.x 4.x 5每次的变化较大,接口类名也随着变化】
# 代码示例
itstack-demo-netty-2-03
└── src
├── main
│ └── java
│ └── org.itstack.demo.netty
│ ├── client
│ │ ├── MyChannelInitializer.java
│ │ ├── MyClientHandler.java
│ │ └── NettyClient.java
│ ├── codec
│ │ ├── ObjDecoder.java
│ │ └── ObjEncoder.java
│ ├── domain
│ │ └── MsgInfo.java
│ ├── server
│ │ ├── MyChannelInitializer.java
│ │ ├── MyServerHandler.java
│ │ └── NettyServer.java
│ └── util
│ ├── MsgUtil.java
│ └── SerializationUtil.java
│
└── test
└── java
└── org.itstack.demo.test
└── ApiTest.java
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client/MyChannelInitializer.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class MyChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) throws Exception {
//对象传输处理
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ObjDecoder(MsgInfo.class));
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ObjEncoder(MsgInfo.class));
// 在管道中添加我们自己的接收数据实现方法
channel.pipeline().addLast(new MyClientHandler());
}
}
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client/MyClientHandler.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class MyClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
/**
* 当客户端主动链接服务端的链接后,这个通道就是活跃的了。也就是客户端与服务端建立了通信通道并且可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) ctx.channel();
System.out.println("链接报告开始");
System.out.println("链接报告信息:本客户端链接到服务端。channelId:" + channel.id());
System.out.println("链接报告IP:" + channel.localAddress().getHostString());
System.out.println("链接报告Port:" + channel.localAddress().getPort());
System.out.println("链接报告完毕");
//通知客户端链接建立成功
String str = "通知服务端链接建立成功" + " " + new Date() + " " + channel.localAddress().getHostString();
ctx.writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(channel.id().toString(), str));
}
/**
* 当客户端主动断开服务端的链接后,这个通道就是不活跃的。也就是说客户端与服务端的关闭了通信通道并且不可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("断开链接" + ctx.channel().localAddress().toString());
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//接收msg消息{与上一章节相比,此处已经不需要自己进行解码}
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息类型:" + msg.getClass());
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息内容:" + JSON.toJSONString(msg));
}
/**
* 抓住异常,当发生异常的时候,可以做一些相应的处理,比如打印日志、关闭链接
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
System.out.println("异常信息:\r\n" + cause.getMessage());
}
}
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client/NettyClient.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class NettyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new NettyClient().connect("127.0.0.1", 7397);
}
private void connect(String inetHost, int inetPort) {
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(workerGroup);
b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
b.option(ChannelOption.AUTO_READ, true);
b.handler(new MyChannelInitializer());
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(inetHost, inetPort).sync();
System.out.println("itstack-demo-netty client start done. {关注公众号:bugstack虫洞栈,获取源码}");
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(f.channel().id().toString(),"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"));
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
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codec/ObjDecoder.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* 虫洞群:①群5398358 ②群5360692
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class ObjDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
private Class<?> genericClass;
public ObjDecoder(Class<?> genericClass) {
this.genericClass = genericClass;
}
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) {
if (in.readableBytes() < 4) {
return;
}
in.markReaderIndex();
int dataLength = in.readInt();
if (in.readableBytes() < dataLength) {
in.resetReaderIndex();
return;
}
byte[] data = new byte[dataLength];
in.readBytes(data);
out.add(SerializationUtil.deserialize(data, genericClass));
}
}
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codec/ObjEncoder.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* 虫洞群:①群5398358 ②群5360692
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class ObjEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder {
private Class<?> genericClass;
public ObjEncoder(Class<?> genericClass) {
this.genericClass = genericClass;
}
@Override
protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object in, ByteBuf out) {
if (genericClass.isInstance(in)) {
byte[] data = SerializationUtil.serialize(in);
out.writeInt(data.length);
out.writeBytes(data);
}
}
}
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domain/MsgInfo.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* 虫洞群:①群5398358 ②群5360692
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class MsgInfo {
private String channelId;
private String msgContent;
public MsgInfo() {
}
public MsgInfo(String channelId, String msgContent) {
this.channelId = channelId;
this.msgContent = msgContent;
}
public String getChannelId() {
return channelId;
}
public void setChannelId(String channelId) {
this.channelId = channelId;
}
public String getMsgContent() {
return msgContent;
}
public void setMsgContent(String msgContent) {
this.msgContent = msgContent;
}
}
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server/MyChannelInitializer.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class MyChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) {
//对象传输处理
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ObjDecoder(MsgInfo.class));
channel.pipeline().addLast(new ObjEncoder(MsgInfo.class));
// 在管道中添加我们自己的接收数据实现方法
channel.pipeline().addLast(new MyServerHandler());
}
}
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server/MyServerHandler.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class MyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
/**
* 当客户端主动链接服务端的链接后,这个通道就是活跃的了。也就是客户端与服务端建立了通信通道并且可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) ctx.channel();
System.out.println("链接报告开始");
System.out.println("链接报告信息:有一客户端链接到本服务端。channelId:" + channel.id());
System.out.println("链接报告IP:" + channel.localAddress().getHostString());
System.out.println("链接报告Port:" + channel.localAddress().getPort());
System.out.println("链接报告完毕");
//通知客户端链接建立成功
String str = "通知客户端链接建立成功" + " " + new Date() + " " + channel.localAddress().getHostString() + "\r\n";
ctx.writeAndFlush(MsgUtil.buildMsg(channel.id().toString(), str));
}
/**
* 当客户端主动断开服务端的链接后,这个通道就是不活跃的。也就是说客户端与服务端的关闭了通信通道并且不可以传输数据
*/
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("客户端断开链接" + ctx.channel().localAddress().toString());
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//接收msg消息{与上一章节相比,此处已经不需要自己进行解码}
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息类型:" + msg.getClass());
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " 接收到消息内容:" + JSON.toJSONString(msg));
}
/**
* 抓住异常,当发生异常的时候,可以做一些相应的处理,比如打印日志、关闭链接
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
System.out.println("异常信息:\r\n" + cause.getMessage());
}
}
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server/NettyServer.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class NettyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new NettyServer().bing(7397);
}
private void bing(int port) {
//配置服务端NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup parentGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //NioEventLoopGroup extends MultithreadEventLoopGroup Math.max(1, SystemPropertyUtil.getInt("io.netty.eventLoopThreads", NettyRuntime.availableProcessors() * 2));
EventLoopGroup childGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(parentGroup, childGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) //非阻塞模式
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childHandler(new MyChannelInitializer());
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("itstack-demo-netty server start done. {关注公众号:bugstack虫洞栈,获取源码}");
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
childGroup.shutdownGracefully();
parentGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
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util/MsgUtil.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* 虫洞群:①群5398358 ②群5360692
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class MsgUtil {
public static MsgInfo buildMsg(String channelId, String msgContent) {
return new MsgInfo(channelId,msgContent);
}
}
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util/SerializationUtil.java
/**
* 虫洞栈:https://bugstack.cn
* 公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 {关注获取学习源码}
* 虫洞群:①群5398358 ②群5360692
* Create by fuzhengwei on 2019
*/
public class SerializationUtil {
private static Map<Class<?>, Schema<?>> cachedSchema = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static Objenesis objenesis = new ObjenesisStd();
private SerializationUtil() {
}
/**
* 序列化(对象 -> 字节数组)
*
* @param obj 对象
* @return 字节数组
*/
public static <T> byte[] serialize(T obj) {
Class<T> cls = (Class<T>) obj.getClass();
LinkedBuffer buffer = LinkedBuffer.allocate(LinkedBuffer.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
try {
Schema<T> schema = getSchema(cls);
return ProtostuffIOUtil.toByteArray(obj, schema, buffer);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
buffer.clear();
}
}
/**
* 反序列化(字节数组 -> 对象)
*
* @param data
* @param cls
* @param <T>
*/
public static <T> T deserialize(byte[] data, Class<T> cls) {
try {
T message = objenesis.newInstance(cls);
Schema<T> schema = getSchema(cls);
ProtostuffIOUtil.mergeFrom(data, message, schema);
return message;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
private static <T> Schema<T> getSchema(Class<T> cls) {
Schema<T> schema = (Schema<T>) cachedSchema.get(cls);
if (schema == null) {
schema = RuntimeSchema.createFrom(cls);
cachedSchema.put(cls, schema);
}
return schema;
}
}
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# 测试结果
启动NettyServer
启动NettyClient
服务端执行结果
itstack-demo-netty server start done. {关注公众号:bugstack虫洞栈,获取源码}
链接报告开始
链接报告信息:有一客户端链接到本服务端。channelId:eaa23c73
链接报告IP:127.0.0.1
链接报告Port:7397
链接报告完毕
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息类型:class org.itstack.demo.netty.domain.MsgInfo
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息内容:{"channelId":"e0a8c2f0","msgContent":"通知服务端链接建立成功 Sun Aug 04 16:25:48 CST 2019 127.0.0.1"}
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息类型:class org.itstack.demo.netty.domain.MsgInfo
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息内容:{"channelId":"e0a8c2f0","msgContent":"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"}
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息类型:class org.itstack.demo.netty.domain.MsgInfo
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息内容:{"channelId":"e0a8c2f0","msgContent":"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"}
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息类型:class org.itstack.demo.netty.domain.MsgInfo
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息内容:{"channelId":"e0a8c2f0","msgContent":"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"}
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息类型:class org.itstack.demo.netty.domain.MsgInfo
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息内容:{"channelId":"e0a8c2f0","msgContent":"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"}
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息类型:class org.itstack.demo.netty.domain.MsgInfo
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息内容:{"channelId":"e0a8c2f0","msgContent":"你好,使用protobuf通信格式的服务端,我是https://bugstack.cn博主,付政委。这是我的公众号<bugstack虫洞栈>,关注我获取案例源码。"}
异常信息:
远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。
客户端断开链接/127.0.0.1:7397
Process finished with exit code -1
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客户端执行结果
链接报告开始
itstack-demo-netty client start done. {关注公众号:bugstack虫洞栈,获取源码}
链接报告信息:本客户端链接到服务端。channelId:e0a8c2f0
链接报告IP:127.0.0.1
链接报告Port:60886
链接报告完毕
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息类型:class org.itstack.demo.netty.domain.MsgInfo
2019-08-04 16:25:48 接收到消息内容:{"channelId":"eaa23c73","msgContent":"通知客户端链接建立成功 Sun Aug 04 16:25:48 CST 2019 127.0.0.1\r\n"}
Process finished with exit code -1
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